A devout Lutheran, he was loyal to his ruler, Kaiser Wilhelm I, who argued with Bismarck but in the end supported him against the advice of his wife Empress Augusta and his heir Crown Prince Frederick William, while Germany’s parliament was elected by universal male suffrage, no, that does not mean men suffered everywhere, it means only men voted, usually by casting their ballots at local beer halls, ironworks, munitions factories, including those of the ball bearing varietal, candy and confection shops, pretzel stands, and grain and grist mills in early November on the heels of The Oktoberfest ®, the world’s largest Volksfest, featuring a beer festival and travelling funfair, held annually in Munich, a sixteen (16) to eighteen (18) day folk festival running from mid- or
late September a
