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During the Cold War, and especially in the 1970s, Soviet intelligence carried out a substantial and successful clandestine effort to obtain technical and scientific knowledge from the West. This effort was suspected by a few U.S. Government officials but not documented until 1981, when the French Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure obtained the services of Col. Vladimir I. Valkov, code name “Farewell,” who “photographed and supplied over four thousand KGB documents on the program.” In the summer of 1981, French President François Mitterrand told President Ronald Reagan of the source, and, when the material was supplied, it led to a potent counterintelligence and disinformation response by CIA and the NATO intelligence services. France, trying to play Col. Valkov for
